Which argument type makes the conclusion probable based on the premises?

The argument type that makes the conclusion probable based on the premises is induction. Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations or cases. In an inductive argument, the premises provide some degree of support or evidence that makes the conclusion likely or probable, rather than guaranteeing it.

For instance, if you observe that the sun has risen in the east every day of your life, you might inductively conclude that the sun will rise in the east tomorrow. While the conclusion is reasonable and supported by the premises, it is not absolutely certain, illustrating how induction operates on probabilities rather than certainties.

The other options relate to different forms of reasoning. Deductive reasoning leads to conclusions that must necessarily follow if the premises are true, providing certainty. Abduction involves reasoning to the best explanation and often constructs hypotheses, focusing on what is the most plausible explanation based on available evidence. A sound argument specifically refers to a deductive argument that is both valid and has all true premises. These distinctions clarify why induction, which deals with probable conclusions, is the correct answer.